Detail API Response (Raw)
{
"course": {
"id": "c331728d-78bd-432d-a977-600931071db7",
"cpdFlag": false,
"options": [
{
"id": "aced4232-8969-4a91-8ff2-5837a05431e1",
"status": {
"published": true,
"availableForApplication": true,
"applicationStatusSummary": "Please speak to the provider to make an application",
"acceptingApplicationsMessage": null,
"notAcceptingApplicationsMessage": null
},
"cycleId": null,
"modules": "https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/postgraduate/politics-and-international-relations/international-public-policy-and-development/",
"deadline": null,
"duration": {
"quantity": 1,
"durationType": {
"id": "4",
"caption": "Years",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
"features": {
"accelerated": false
},
"location": {
"id": "cfa69785-4da7-cbef-de30-47c891d78f90",
"url": null,
"name": "Royal Holloway",
"ukprn": null,
"address": {
"line1": "Egham Hill",
"line2": "",
"line3": "",
"line4": "Egham",
"region": {
"id": "27",
"caption": "South East England",
"mappedCaption": "South East England"
},
"country": {
"id": "101",
"caption": "England",
"mappedCaption": "England"
},
"latitude": 51.4248135938,
"postcode": "TW20 0EX",
"longitude": -0.5667448674
},
"isDefault": false,
"geoLocation": {
"latitude": 51.4248135938,
"longitude": -0.5667448674
},
"tefCodeType": null,
"locationCode": null,
"googleMapsUrl": "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?zoom=10&size=2048x600&scale=2&markers=size:tiny%7Ccolor:red%7C51.4248135938,-0.5667448674&key=AIzaSyDAC7vZWEFNPF6GFUZvXfO5PRDxdEC0Gc0&signature=Z-DqLme9rm7uyjaBvEuV2RJG4UE=",
"googleMapsParams": "51.4248135938,-0.5667448674",
"locationCategory": null,
"geoLocationString": "51.4248135938,-0.5667448674"
},
"startDate": {
"date": "09/2026",
"nonSpecific": false
},
"studyMode": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Full-time",
"mappedCaption": "Full-time",
"excludedSchemesForApplication": []
},
"applyCycle": "2026",
"courseFees": [
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "10",
"caption": "Republic of Ireland",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 21500,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "EU",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "England",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "6",
"caption": "Northern Ireland",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "7",
"caption": "Scotland",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "8",
"caption": "Wales",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "9",
"caption": "Channel Islands",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 21500,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "4",
"caption": "International",
"mappedCaption": null
}
}
],
"courseType": null,
"entryPoints": [],
"durationRange": {
"max": null,
"min": null
},
"admissionTests": [],
"subjectOptions": [],
"useDefaultFees": false,
"providerApplyUrl": "https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/applying/postgraduate/how-to-apply/",
"assessmentMethods": "Assessment is carried out by a variety of methods including coursework and a dissertation.",
"entryRequirements": "2:1\nProspective students should have an undergraduate honours degree (or overseas equivalent) in a relevant subject area such as politics, international relations, history, geography, or economics.\n\nNormally we require a UK 2:1 (Honours) or equivalent in relevant subjects but we will consider a high 2:2 or relevant work experience. Candidates with professional qualifications in an associated area may be considered. Where a ‘high 2:2’ is considered, we would normally define this as reflecting a profile of 57% or above.",
"internalReference": null,
"providerCourseUrl": "https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/postgraduate/politics-and-international-relations/international-public-policy-and-development/",
"professionalBodies": [],
"qualificationLevel": {
"id": "RQF_7",
"caption": "RQF Level 7",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"subjectToValidation": false,
"outcomeQualification": {
"id": "47246",
"caption": "Master of Science - MSc (PG)",
"mappedCaption": "Masters degrees"
},
"deferredEntryDisallowed": false,
"additionalFeeInformation": "These tuition fees apply to students enrolled on a full-time basis in the academic year 2026/27. Students studying on the standard part-time course structure over two years are charged 50% of the full-time applicable fee for each study year.\n\nRoyal Holloway reserves the right to increase all postgraduate tuition fees annually, based on the UK’s Retail Price Index (RPI). Please therefore be aware that tuition fees can rise during your degree (if longer than one year’s duration), and that this also means that the overall cost of studying the course part-time will be slightly higher than studying it full-time in one year. \n\nThis figure is the fee for EU and international students starting a degree in the academic year 2026/27. For further information, please visit: https://royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/fees-and-funding/postgraduate/tuition-fees/\n\nThese estimated costs relate to studying this particular degree at Royal Holloway during the 2026/27 academic year, and are included as a guide. Costs, such as accommodation, food, books and other learning materials and printing, have not been included.",
"academicEntryRequirements": null,
"additionalEntryRequirements": [],
"englishLanguageEntryRequirements": [],
"minimumAcademicEntryRequirements": null,
"subsequentYearsEntryRequirements": null,
"amsApplicationConfigurationOptions": {
"useAscii": false,
"hasNoVacancies": "False",
"customQuestions": [],
"vacancyStatuses": [
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "eu",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "eu"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "wales",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "wales"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "eng",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "eng"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "int",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "int"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "scot",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "scot"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "ni",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "ni"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "roi",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "roi"
}
],
"hasRestrictedVacancies": "False",
"hasRestrictedEligibility": false,
"restrictedEligibilityUrl": null,
"restrictedEligibilityInfo": null,
"useEnhancedCriminalConvictionCheck": false,
"notAcceptingInternationalApplications": "False"
},
"englishLanguageEntryRequirementInformation": null
},
{
"id": "7e3ea283-5fbf-4712-991d-954653bab1b7",
"status": {
"published": true,
"availableForApplication": true,
"applicationStatusSummary": "Please speak to the provider to make an application",
"acceptingApplicationsMessage": null,
"notAcceptingApplicationsMessage": null
},
"cycleId": null,
"modules": "https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/postgraduate/politics-and-international-relations/international-public-policy-and-development/",
"deadline": null,
"duration": {
"quantity": 2,
"durationType": {
"id": "4",
"caption": "Years",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
"features": {
"accelerated": false
},
"location": {
"id": "cfa69785-4da7-cbef-de30-47c891d78f90",
"url": null,
"name": "Royal Holloway",
"ukprn": null,
"address": {
"line1": "Egham Hill",
"line2": "",
"line3": "",
"line4": "Egham",
"region": {
"id": "27",
"caption": "South East England",
"mappedCaption": "South East England"
},
"country": {
"id": "101",
"caption": "England",
"mappedCaption": "England"
},
"latitude": 51.4248135938,
"postcode": "TW20 0EX",
"longitude": -0.5667448674
},
"isDefault": false,
"geoLocation": {
"latitude": 51.4248135938,
"longitude": -0.5667448674
},
"tefCodeType": null,
"locationCode": null,
"googleMapsUrl": "https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?zoom=10&size=2048x600&scale=2&markers=size:tiny%7Ccolor:red%7C51.4248135938,-0.5667448674&key=AIzaSyDAC7vZWEFNPF6GFUZvXfO5PRDxdEC0Gc0&signature=Z-DqLme9rm7uyjaBvEuV2RJG4UE=",
"googleMapsParams": "51.4248135938,-0.5667448674",
"locationCategory": null,
"geoLocationString": "51.4248135938,-0.5667448674"
},
"startDate": {
"date": "09/2026",
"nonSpecific": false
},
"studyMode": {
"id": "9",
"caption": "Part-time",
"mappedCaption": "Part-time",
"excludedSchemesForApplication": [
"ucas"
]
},
"applyCycle": "2026",
"courseFees": [
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "10",
"caption": "Republic of Ireland",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 21500,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "EU",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "England",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "6",
"caption": "Northern Ireland",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "7",
"caption": "Scotland",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "8",
"caption": "Wales",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 12000,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "9",
"caption": "Channel Islands",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
{
"amount": 21500,
"currency": {
"id": "GBP",
"caption": "£",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeBasis": {
"id": "5",
"caption": "Year 1",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeState": {
"id": "3",
"caption": "Set",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"feeLocale": {
"id": "4",
"caption": "International",
"mappedCaption": null
}
}
],
"courseType": null,
"entryPoints": [],
"durationRange": {
"max": null,
"min": null
},
"admissionTests": [],
"subjectOptions": [],
"useDefaultFees": false,
"providerApplyUrl": "https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/applying/postgraduate/how-to-apply/",
"assessmentMethods": "Assessment is carried out by a variety of methods including coursework and a dissertation.",
"entryRequirements": "2:1\nProspective students should have an undergraduate honours degree (or overseas equivalent) in a relevant subject area such as politics, international relations, history, geography, or economics.\n\nNormally we require a UK 2:1 (Honours) or equivalent in relevant subjects but we will consider a high 2:2 or relevant work experience. Candidates with professional qualifications in an associated area may be considered. Where a ‘high 2:2’ is considered, we would normally define this as reflecting a profile of 57% or above.",
"internalReference": null,
"providerCourseUrl": "https://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/postgraduate/politics-and-international-relations/international-public-policy-and-development/",
"professionalBodies": [],
"qualificationLevel": {
"id": "RQF_7",
"caption": "RQF Level 7",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"subjectToValidation": false,
"outcomeQualification": {
"id": "47246",
"caption": "Master of Science - MSc (PG)",
"mappedCaption": "Masters degrees"
},
"deferredEntryDisallowed": false,
"additionalFeeInformation": "These tuition fees apply to students enrolled on a full-time basis in the academic year 2026/27. Students studying on the standard part-time course structure over two years are charged 50% of the full-time applicable fee for each study year.\n\nRoyal Holloway reserves the right to increase all postgraduate tuition fees annually, based on the UK’s Retail Price Index (RPI). Please therefore be aware that tuition fees can rise during your degree (if longer than one year’s duration), and that this also means that the overall cost of studying the course part-time will be slightly higher than studying it full-time in one year. \n\nThis figure is the fee for EU and international students starting a degree in the academic year 2026/27. For further information, please visit: https://royalholloway.ac.uk/studying-here/fees-and-funding/postgraduate/tuition-fees/\n\nThese estimated costs relate to studying this particular degree at Royal Holloway during the 2026/27 academic year, and are included as a guide. Costs, such as accommodation, food, books and other learning materials and printing, have not been included.",
"academicEntryRequirements": null,
"additionalEntryRequirements": [],
"englishLanguageEntryRequirements": [],
"minimumAcademicEntryRequirements": null,
"subsequentYearsEntryRequirements": null,
"amsApplicationConfigurationOptions": {
"useAscii": false,
"hasNoVacancies": "False",
"customQuestions": [],
"vacancyStatuses": [
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "eu",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "eu"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "wales",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "wales"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "eng",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "eng"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "int",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "int"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "scot",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "scot"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "ni",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "ni"
},
{
"status": null,
"domicile": "roi",
"hasVacancies": true,
"flattenedVacancy": "roi"
}
],
"hasRestrictedVacancies": "False",
"hasRestrictedEligibility": false,
"restrictedEligibilityUrl": null,
"restrictedEligibilityInfo": null,
"useEnhancedCriminalConvictionCheck": false,
"notAcceptingInternationalApplications": "False"
},
"englishLanguageEntryRequirementInformation": null
}
],
"suggest": "International Public Policy and Development. Royal Holloway, University of London. Political economy. Comparative politics. European politics. Policy studies. Democratic studies. Trade union studies. International relations. Strategic studies. Political theory",
"summary": "The 21st century is witnessing novel global challenges related to terrorism, food supply, climate change, migratory pressures and emerging resource geo-politics. These challenges are complex and multi-level in nature, rendering policy solutions problematic. Political authority is also more scattered than ever, resting with actors as different as international agencies, global policy networks, public-private partnerships or transnational NGOs, in addition to the traditional nation state.\n\nRoyal Holloway’s MSc in International Public Policy provides students with a detailed and systematic understanding of how political institutions, processes and public policies operate in world affairs. The course brings together the academic study of International Relations with a practice-based analysis of public policy formulation and governance beyond the nation-state.\n\nDrawing from International Relations, public policy and comparative politics, the MSc in International Public Policy will equip you with the theoretical tools and practical skills necessary for an in-depth understanding of policy-making to address contemporary transnational phenomena.\n\nYou will study a mixture of core units and elective options, including a generous choice of free options, and write a supervised dissertation over the summer. Optional modules for the programme cover key policy areas such as US foreign policy, migration and refugees, terrorism, energy and resources or food security, in addition to south Asian politics, EU foreign and security policy, media and war, and international law. Teaching is conducted primarily in small group seminars, supplemented by individual tuition for the dissertation. The course puts a premium on bridging theory and practice, by featuring practice elements and focusing on real world challenges.\n\nThe Department of Politics and International Relations has a strong commitment to high quality, cutting-edge research which informs our teaching. We are a research community that draws on various methodological and theoretical approaches to the study of domestic, transnational, regional and global politics. This includes research into areas such as security, international diplomacy, international law, the use of military force, the European Union and the impact of new communication technology on politics, nationalism and migration.",
"atasFlag": false,
"contacts": [
{
"id": "5b13b3ae-6a43-53a5-7382-2c010763dd54",
"fax": "",
"email": "Admissions.Enquiries@RoyalHolloway.ac.uk",
"phone": "01784 414944",
"title": "Main Contact",
"isDefault": true,
"hasCourses": false,
"isClearing": false,
"clearingUrl": null,
"enquiryLink": {
"url": null,
"caption": null
},
"availability": null,
"coursesCount": 0,
"isAdmissions": false,
"socialMediaPresences": []
},
{
"id": "4de13e1a-9312-420f-a9be-fe973d55f6df",
"fax": null,
"email": "clearing@royalholloway.ac.uk",
"phone": "01784 772455",
"title": "Clearing Hotline",
"isDefault": false,
"hasCourses": false,
"isClearing": true,
"clearingUrl": null,
"enquiryLink": {
"url": null,
"caption": null
},
"availability": null,
"coursesCount": 0,
"isAdmissions": false,
"socialMediaPresences": []
}
],
"keywords": null,
"provider": {
"id": "5b13b3ae-6a43-53a5-7382-2c010763dd54",
"name": "Royal Holloway, University of London",
"ukprn": 10005553,
"address": {
"line1": "",
"line2": "",
"line3": "",
"line4": "Egham",
"region": {
"id": "27",
"caption": "South East England",
"mappedCaption": "South East England"
},
"country": {
"id": "101",
"caption": "England",
"mappedCaption": "England"
},
"latitude": 51.4248135938,
"postcode": "TW20 0EX",
"longitude": -0.5667448674
},
"aliases": [],
"logoUrl": "https://d1l6hqpjksdq9d.cloudfront.net/Prod/5b13b3ae-6a43-53a5-7382-2c010763dd54",
"aliasName": "Royal Holloway, University of London",
"websiteUrl": "www.rhul.ac.uk",
"liveProvider": true,
"providerCode": null,
"providerSort": "Royal Holloway, University of London",
"providerUrls": [],
"imageLocation": "silver silver silver-01.png",
"institutionCode": "R72",
"providerShortName": "Royal Holloway, University of London",
"cukasInstitutionCode": null,
"requireAsciiDocuments": false,
"providerAbbreviatedName": "RHUL",
"aliasNameWithoutApostrophe": "Royal Holloway, University of London"
},
"subjects": [
{
"id": "2388",
"caption": "Political economy",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "1613",
"caption": "Comparative politics",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "1615",
"caption": "European politics",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "1618",
"caption": "Policy studies",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "1621",
"caption": "Democratic studies",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "1622",
"caption": "Trade union studies",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "2367",
"caption": "International relations",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "1624",
"caption": "Strategic studies",
"mappedCaption": null
},
{
"id": "2389",
"caption": "Political theory",
"mappedCaption": null
}
],
"auditions": [],
"studyType": {
"id": "1",
"caption": "Taught",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"department": {
"id": "3639d04a-6788-cdaf-d799-870f374cea4c",
"name": "Politics and International Relations"
},
"hecosCodes": [],
"jacs3Codes": [],
"publishEnd": "9999-12-31T23:59:59.9999999",
"shortTitle": null,
"specialism": {
"primary": [],
"secondary": [],
"specialismStudyTypes": []
},
"visibleEnd": "2027-08-01T08:00:00",
"compositeId": "c331728d-78bd-432d-a977-600931071db7-2026",
"courseTitle": "International Public Policy and Development",
"facultyCode": null,
"routingData": {
"scheme": {
"id": "none",
"caption": "Direct application only",
"mappedCaption": null
},
"destination": {
"id": "pg",
"caption": "Postgraduate",
"mappedCaption": null
}
},
"availableEnd": "9999-12-31T23:59:59.9999999",
"englishTitle": "",
"publishStart": "0001-01-01T00:00:00",
"visibleStart": "2025-04-29T08:00:00",
"taughtInWelsh": false,
"ucasApplyData": null,
"academicYearId": "2026",
"availableStart": "0001-01-01T00:00:00",
"awardingBodies": [
{
"id": "871",
"caption": "Royal Holloway, University of London",
"mappedCaption": null
}
],
"applicationCode": null,
"courseTitleSort": "International Public Policy and Development",
"abbreviatedTitle": null,
"balanceIndicator": null,
"copyFormRequired": false,
"internalReference": null,
"currentlyInClearing": false,
"ucasTeacherTraining": false,
"degreeApprenticeship": false,
"qualifiedTeacherStatus": null,
"sponsorshipInformation": null,
"internationalInformation": null,
"courseTitleWithoutApostrophe": "International Public Policy and Development",
"additionalAuditionInformation": null,
"higherTechnicalQualifications": false
},
"version": 51,
"academicYearsInformation": {
"2026": 2
}
}